Lazy eye: Causes and by what age can one seek treatment?

What is a lazy eye?

Lazy eye, medically known as amblyopia, is a common vision disorder in children. The condition requires early detection and intervention, ideally before the age of 7.1 By understanding its causes, recognizing its consequences on vision, and exploring available treatment options, parents and caregivers can take proactive steps to help their child have healthy eyesight.

Causes of a lazy eye

Lazy eye often develops during childhood when one eye is stronger than the other, causing the brain to rely more on the stronger eye. This can happen due to several reasons:

Strabismus: Misalignment of the eyes, where one eye turns inward, outward, upward, or downward.

Refractive errors: Significant differences in the prescription strength between the two eyes due to nearsightedness, farsightedness, or astigmatism.

Cataract: According Dr. Rishi Raj Borah, Country Director - Orbis (India), “A cataract occurs when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy, resulting in blurred vision. Although cataracts are more commonly associated with older individuals, they can also develop in infants and children.”

Consequences of a lazy eye on vision

If left untreated, lazy eye can lead to permanent vision impairment. Since the brain suppresses the signals from the weaker eye, it doesn't learn to see clearly, resulting in reduced visual acuity and depth perception. This can impact a child's ability to read, learn, and perform daily activities that require good vision.

Treatment of lazy eye

The condition can be treated, especially if detected early. Treatment typically involves:

Corrective glasses and lenses: Correcting underlying vision problems with glasses or contact lenses to ensure both eyes receive clear visual input.

Patching: Placing a patch over the stronger eye to encourage the brain to use the weaker eye, thus strengthening its vision.

Vision therapy: Exercises and activities designed to improve eye coordination and focus.

Atropine eye drops: These drops are applied on the stronger eye to temporarily blur its vision, forcing the brain to rely on the weaker eye.

It is important to follow the treatment plan recommended by an eye care professional to maximize results. Besides, consistency and patience are key during treatment, as it takes time and effort before noticeable improvement can be seen.

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