Jan 19, 2026

From Freedom to Republic: The Hidden Journey of 26 January

Aanya Sharma

A Date Chosen With Purpose

26 January honours the 1930 declaration of Purna Swaraj. For 17 years, Indians marked this day as Independence Day. Adopting the Constitution on this date linked the republic to an earlier freedom promise.

Image Source: NewsPoint

Independence Didn’t Mean Republic

India became free on 15 August 1947, but not a republic. For over two years, the British monarch remained head of state through a Governor-General. True sovereignty arrived only on 26 January 1950.

Image Source: NewsPoint

World’s Longest Written Constitution

The Indian Constitution is the world’s longest, with 444 articles, 22 parts, and 12 schedules. It has seen 118 amendments so far. The handwritten copies were signed by 308 members in January 1950.

Image Source: Wiki

A Hymn That Sparked Debate

For decades, “Abide With Me” closed Republic Day ceremonies at Beating Retreat. In 2022, it was replaced by “Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon,” sparking debate on tradition, colonial legacy, and cultural identity.

Image Source: TOI

A Global Guest for a New Republic

India’s first Republic Day featured President Sukarno of Indonesia as Chief Guest. His presence highlighted India’s early focus on Asian solidarity and post-colonial partnerships in a rapidly changing world.

Image Source: TOI

Republic Day Found Its Grand Stage

The parade began at Rajpath in 1955. Once symbolising colonial power, it was renamed Kartavya Path in 2022. The change reflected a shift from imperial legacy to civic duty and public ownership.

Image Source: NewsPoint

A Surprising Early Guest

In 1955, the first Chief Guest at the Rajpath parade was Malik Ghulam Mohammed, Pakistan’s first Governor-General. The moment reflected a brief phase of diplomatic outreach after Partition.

Image Source: TOI

The Anthem Came First

‘Jana Gana Mana’ was adopted as India’s National Anthem on 24 January 1950, two days before Republic Day. Its adoption symbolised unity even before the Constitution officially came into force.

Image Source: NewsPoint

The First President’s Historic Oath

Dr. Rajendra Prasad took oath as India’s first President on 26 January 1950 at 10:24 am. A 31-gun salute marked the moment, signalling India’s formal entry as a sovereign republic.

Image Source: TOI

Ideas Borrowed, Values Indian

Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity in the Constitution were inspired by the French Revolution. Yet, they were adapted to Indian realities, blending global ideals with local social and cultural needs.

Image Source: NewsPoint

Honours Announced With the Republic

Awards like the Bharat Ratna, Padma Awards, and Kirti Chakra are announced on Republic Day eve. They recognise excellence and sacrifice, reinforcing the republic’s commitment to merit and service.

Image Source: TOI

Thanks For Reading!

Next: 10 Common Reasons For Increasing Divorce Cases In India

Find out More