Jan 19, 2026
26 January honours the 1930 declaration of Purna Swaraj. For 17 years, Indians marked this day as Independence Day. Adopting the Constitution on this date linked the republic to an earlier freedom promise.
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India became free on 15 August 1947, but not a republic. For over two years, the British monarch remained head of state through a Governor-General. True sovereignty arrived only on 26 January 1950.
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The Indian Constitution is the world’s longest, with 444 articles, 22 parts, and 12 schedules. It has seen 118 amendments so far. The handwritten copies were signed by 308 members in January 1950.
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For decades, “Abide With Me” closed Republic Day ceremonies at Beating Retreat. In 2022, it was replaced by “Ae Mere Watan Ke Logon,” sparking debate on tradition, colonial legacy, and cultural identity.
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India’s first Republic Day featured President Sukarno of Indonesia as Chief Guest. His presence highlighted India’s early focus on Asian solidarity and post-colonial partnerships in a rapidly changing world.
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The parade began at Rajpath in 1955. Once symbolising colonial power, it was renamed Kartavya Path in 2022. The change reflected a shift from imperial legacy to civic duty and public ownership.
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In 1955, the first Chief Guest at the Rajpath parade was Malik Ghulam Mohammed, Pakistan’s first Governor-General. The moment reflected a brief phase of diplomatic outreach after Partition.
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‘Jana Gana Mana’ was adopted as India’s National Anthem on 24 January 1950, two days before Republic Day. Its adoption symbolised unity even before the Constitution officially came into force.
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Dr. Rajendra Prasad took oath as India’s first President on 26 January 1950 at 10:24 am. A 31-gun salute marked the moment, signalling India’s formal entry as a sovereign republic.
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Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity in the Constitution were inspired by the French Revolution. Yet, they were adapted to Indian realities, blending global ideals with local social and cultural needs.
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Awards like the Bharat Ratna, Padma Awards, and Kirti Chakra are announced on Republic Day eve. They recognise excellence and sacrifice, reinforcing the republic’s commitment to merit and service.
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