Oct 27, 2025
When polluted air is breathed in, fine particles (PM2.5) pass through the lungs and directly enter the bloodstream. These microscopic pollutants travel to vital organs, causing inflammation and oxidative stress that affect heart function over time.
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Continuous exposure to polluted air damages the air sacs in the lungs, reducing their ability to absorb oxygen. This weakens lung capacity and increases the risk of chronic respiratory conditions such as bronchitis and emphysema.
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Air pollution increases blood pressure, thickens arteries, and promotes plaque buildup, all of which contribute to heart attacks and strokes. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified air pollution as a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases globally.
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Toxic pollutants irritate the airways and trigger inflammatory responses that worsen asthma and allergies. Children and the elderly are especially vulnerable, facing frequent wheezing, coughing, and breathlessness in polluted environments.
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For people already suffering from COPD, polluted air acts as a silent aggressor. It exacerbates symptoms like shortness of breath and chest tightness, leading to more hospital visits and reduced quality of life.
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High pollution levels reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood by binding harmful gases such as carbon monoxide to red blood cells. This forces the heart to work harder to deliver oxygen, increasing the risk of heart strain and fatigue.
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Pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and ozone cause oxidative stress at the cellular level. This damages tissues in both the heart and lungs, accelerating ageing and raising the risk of chronic diseases and cancer.
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Research suggests that air pollution can disrupt the electrical signals controlling the heartbeat. This irregularity, known as arrhythmia, can lead to palpitations, dizziness, and in severe cases, cardiac arrest.
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Polluted air weakens the lungs’ natural defence system, making it harder to fight off infections. Over time, this increases susceptibility to respiratory infections like pneumonia and long-term lung scarring.
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The combined effects of chronic inflammation, reduced oxygen, and cardiovascular strain make air pollution a silent killer. Studies link prolonged exposure to a shortened lifespan, with millions of premature deaths each year caused by polluted air.
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