Low Blood Pressure Can Be Dangerous: Learn the Red Flags & How to Control It

Low blood pressure, or hypotension, is often underestimated, but it can indeed be deadly. While high blood pressure tends to steal the spotlight, excessively low blood pressure can lead to critical complications. It may cause dizziness, fainting, and, in severe cases, even hypotensive shock, endangering vital organ function. Recognising the signs and seeking medical guidance is crucial to ensure that low blood pressure doesn't turn into a life-threatening issue.

Understanding Low Blood Pressure

Blood pressure is a measure of the force exerted by the blood against the walls of your arteries. It is typically expressed as two values: systolic pressure (when the heart beats) and diastolic pressure (when the heart is at rest). Normal blood pressure hovers around 120/80 mm Hg. Low blood pressure is generally considered a reading below 90/60 mm Hg.

Signs of Low Blood Pressure

• Dizziness and Lightheadedness: Feeling woozy or unstable, especially when changing positions (e.g., going from sitting to standing).
• Fainting (Syncope): Sudden, temporary loss of consciousness can occur, often due to inadequate blood flow to the brain.
• Fatigue: Constant tiredness, even after adequate rest, can be a sign of low blood pressure.
• Blurry Vision: Reduced blood flow to the eyes may lead to temporary vision problems.
• Nausea or Vomiting: These symptoms may accompany a drop in blood pressure.
• Clammy Skin: Cool, clammy skin is another indication of low blood pressure.

Possible Complications

• Hypotensive Shock: In severe cases, hypotension can lead to hypotensive shock, a life-threatening condition where the body's vital organs do not receive enough blood flow.
• Cardiac Issues: Low blood pressure can strain the heart and increase the risk of heart-related problems like arrhythmias.
• Kidney Damage: Insufficient blood flow to the kidneys may impair their function, potentially leading to kidney damage.
• Neurological Problems: Prolonged periods of low blood pressure can cause brain damage, leading to cognitive impairments or strokes.
• Falls and Injuries: Frequent dizziness and fainting episodes can result in falls and injuries, some of which may be severe.
• Digestive Problems: Reduced blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract may result in digestive issues, including ulcers and ischemic bowel disease.

Tips for Managing Low Blood Pressure

• Stay Hydrated: Dehydration can exacerbate low blood pressure, so ensure you drink enough water throughout the day.
• Salt Intake: A slightly higher salt intake can help raise blood pressure. Consult your healthcare provider for personalised advice.
• Small, Frequent Meals: Eating smaller, more frequent meals can prevent a sudden drop in blood pressure after eating.
• Compression Stockings: These can help improve blood flow in your legs and reduce the risk of fainting.
• Physical Activity: Regular, gentle exercise can improve your cardiovascular health and help regulate blood pressure. Consult your doctor before starting a new exercise routine.
• Medication: In some cases, medication may be prescribed to manage low blood pressure. Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding medication.