Understanding Facial Swelling from Thyroid Issues: What You Need to Know

The thyroid gland is responsible for producing hormones that help regulate your body's metabolic rate, growth and development. It also supports your heart, muscles and digestive system, while also promoting brain development and bone maintenance. However, many factors can interfere with the healthy functioning of the thyroid gland, causing overactive (hyperthyroidism) and underactive (hypothyroidism) thyroid disorders and a number of symptoms.

What causes thyroid disorders?

In some cases, thyroid problems can develop due to inflammation of the thyroid gland or nodules forming on the gland or due to certain medications or treatments, the doctor adds. It is important to note that some people may be at a higher risk of thyroid problems than others. This includes people who have a family history of thyroid disorders or autoimmune diseases, such as Hashimoto's disease or Graves' disease, according to Dr Narendra. Additionally, women, especially women over the age of 60, are also more likely to develop thyroid problems than men. Furthermore, pregnant women may be susceptible to hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto's disease, which occurs in 2-3 out of every 100 pregnant women, according to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK).

Can thyroid problems lead to facial swelling?
Dr Narendra says that sometimes a person with thyroid problem may experience facial swelling. However, he emphasizes that everyone with the condition has a swollen face. Doctors say the most common culprit is an underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism). When your thyroid is underactive, it doesn't produce enough hormones to regulate various bodily functions, which causes certain substances to build up in the skin, including excess fluid. This is also called water retention or edema, which can lead to swelling, especially around the eyes, lips and cheeks. It's also important to see your doctor regularly for checkups and to talk to them if the swelling doesn't go away. They may adjust your medication or suggest seeing a specialist for help,” highlights Dr Narendra.

Other symptoms of thyroid problems

Symptoms of thyroid disease depend on the type of disorder you have. If you have hypothyroidism or an underactive thyroid, symptoms may include:

• Slow heartbeat
• tiredness and fatigue
• Unexplained weight gain
• Increased sensitivity to cold
• Dry skin and coarse hair
• Mood swings and depression
• Heavy menstruation

If you have hyperthyroidism or an overactive thyroid, symptoms may include:

• Fast heart rate
• sleep problems
• Unexplained weight loss

Lifestyle changes that can help control thyroid disorders

Managing thyroid conditions often involves lifestyle changes that can help improve symptoms and overall well-being. Sharing tips for managing thyroid disorders, Dr Narendra lists:

• Eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean protein
• Avoid foods high in sugar, refined carbohydrates and processed foods

Experts further recommend that one consult a healthcare provider before making significant lifestyle changes and follow their recommendations to effectively manage the condition.