Debate on paid menstrual leave grows, policies vary across countries and Indian states
New Delhi: The debate over paid menstrual leave for women has gained attention across the country following a recent Supreme Court observation that making such leave mandatory could impact women’s employment opportunities. The court dismissed a petition seeking a uniform policy on the issue.
The concept of menstrual leave dates back to the early 20th century. Around 1920, Soviet Russia introduced paid leave for women during menstruation, but the policy was later withdrawn due to concerns over reduced employment opportunities for women.
Global policies on menstrual leave
Several countries have introduced menstrual leave policies in recent years.
In Spain, menstrual leave was introduced in 2023, making it the first European country to implement such a policy. Women are entitled to three to five days of paid leave per month.
Japan was the first country in Asia to legally recognise menstrual leave after World War II, when more women joined the workforce in factories and mines. The leave, known as “Seiri Kyuka,” was introduced to address health concerns.
Indonesia has provided menstrual leave since 1948, with a law in 2003 allowing two days of leave per month.
In South Korea, menstrual leave was introduced in 1953 and later revised in 2007.
Zambia offers one day of leave per month, commonly referred to as “Mother’s Day,” since 2015.
Status in Indian states
In India, policies on menstrual leave vary across states.
Bihar was among the first to introduce menstrual leave in 1992. Women employees in government and contractual roles are entitled to two days of special leave every month, which must be used within the same month.
Kerala has implemented the policy in the education sector. As per a 2023 government order, menstrual leave is granted to students in industrial training institutes (ITIs) and universities.
Karnataka has proposed a comprehensive policy covering both public and private sectors. The state cabinet approved the policy in October 2025 based on recommendations by an expert committee.
Additionally, the Sikkim High Court has provided special menstrual leave benefits to its women staff.
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